组数
- 英文
- Set / Number of Sets
- 所属领域
- 力量训练、体能训练
- 相关参数
- 次数、负荷(%1RM)、组间休息、动作频率
- 在训练容量中的角色
- 容量 = 组数 × 次数 × 负荷
- 常见表述
- 3 组 × 10 次
组数(set)是力量训练的基本计量单位之一:一个动作连续完成若干次为一组,组与组之间安排休息,一次训练中完成的组数即为该动作的组数。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组数与次数、负荷共同构成训练容量(training volume),常用「组数 × 次数 × 负荷」来量化一次训练或一个周期的总做功量。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|22Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescriptionjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
定义与术语
组与次数的关系
在抗阻训练术语体系中,「次数」(repetition,常缩写为 rep)指一次完整的动作周期,即从起始位置经过向心与离心阶段回到起始位置的一次完整动作;「组」(set)指连续完成若干次重复而不插入休息的一串动作。组是次数的容器,次数是组的构成单元。33ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 11th Editionacsm.org前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|44Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 4th Editionnsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组与次数的关系可以用「组数 × 每组次数」来描述一次练习的总重复量:例如 3 组 × 10 次表示共完成 30 次重复。这一乘积是训练日志与研究中描述训练量最常用的基本表达方式,但它并不等同于考虑负重后的容量指标(如组数×次数×重量)。44Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 4th Editionnsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组与组之间通常安排休息间隔(interset rest),而同一组内的连续重复之间不安排实质性休息;因此「组」在生理上对应一段连续做功区间,休息间隔的长短会改变同一「组数×次数」组合的实际训练刺激。33ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, 11th Editionacsm.org前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|55Resistance Training Volume Enhancements: A Systematic Reviewtandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在训练计划书写中,组数与次数常以固定搭配出现,如「3×10」读作三组十次;当采用递降或递增次数方案时,会写成逐组不同的次数列表(如 12/10/8),此时组数等于所列次数的个数。44Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 4th Editionnsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
「有效次数」(effective repetitions)与「接近力竭程度」(reps in reserve, RIR)等概念进一步细化了组与次数的关系:同样标称「3 组 × 10 次」,若各组距离力竭的远近不同,其训练刺激并不等价,因此仅凭组数与次数不足以完整描述一次训练。55Resistance Training Volume Enhancements: A Systematic Reviewtandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|66How to Interpret Repetitions in Reserve (RIR) and Its Role in Autoregulationjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组间休息
组间休息(rest interval)指一组练习结束到下一组开始之间的间隔时间,是组数这一训练变量在实施时不可分割的配套参数;讨论“做几组”时,实际隐含的是“每组之间歇多久再做下一组”。77健身知识:训练名词大解析! - 体质•健身 - 山西体育局网站tyj.shanxi.gov.cn前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|88智慧体育-让运动随心所欲ybzhty.cn前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组间休息时长不是固定值,通常按训练强度分档设定:低强度、高次数(约12RM以上)的练习,组间休息一般取30—60秒。77健身知识:训练名词大解析! - 体质•健身 - 山西体育局网站tyj.shanxi.gov.cn前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
中等强度、中等次数(约8—12RM)的练习,组间休息一般设定在60—90秒。77健身知识:训练名词大解析! - 体质•健身 - 山西体育局网站tyj.shanxi.gov.cn前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
高强度、低次数(约8RM以下)的大重量练习,组间休息一般需要2分钟以上,强度越高休息越久。77健身知识:训练名词大解析! - 体质•健身 - 山西体育局网站tyj.shanxi.gov.cn前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
常见书写方式
在训练计划与训练日志中,组数最通行的书写方式是「动作名称 + 组数 × 次数」,例如「深蹲 3×5」表示深蹲做 3 组、每组 5 次;这种写法把组数放在乘号之前、次数放在乘号之后,已成为力量训练文献与大众训练计划中的事实标准。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|99Starting Strength: Basic Barbell Training (3rd Edition)startingstrength.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
当同一动作的各组次数不一致时,常见写法是用斜杠或逗号依次列出各组次数,如「3×(8/8/6)」或「3×8,8,6」,以保留组数信息的同时记录每组实际完成次数。99Starting Strength: Basic Barbell Training (3rd Edition)startingstrength.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在学术论文的方法部分,组数通常以英文「sets」的缩写「sets」或「×」符号表述,例如「3 sets of 10 repetitions at 75% 1RM」,并常与强度(%1RM)、组间休息时间并列报告,以便他人复现训练方案。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1010Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescriptionjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
训练日志中另一种常见书写方式是按周或按训练日列出「动作 / 组数 / 次数 / 负荷」四列,组数作为独立一列记录,便于后续统计每周总组数(weekly set volume)。99Starting Strength: Basic Barbell Training (3rd Edition)startingstrength.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1111The Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (4th Edition)humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组数在训练变量中的位置
训练容量的构成
训练容量最常用的简化表达是“组数×次数×负荷”,其中组数作为乘数之一,直接放大总容量。1212The Importance of Volume in Strength Trainingnsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
与强度、频率的关系
在训练变量体系中,组数通常被归为“容量”类变量,与强度(负荷重量或%1RM)、频率(单位时间训练次数)并列,三者共同决定训练的总刺激量;组数本身并不独立决定训练效果,其作用需放在与强度、频率的搭配中理解。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1010Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescriptionjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组数与强度之间存在此消彼长的权衡关系:在总训练容量大致固定的前提下,提高强度(更接近1RM的负荷)往往需要减少每组重复次数或组数,而降低强度则允许完成更多组数;因此单纯比较“做几组”而不说明强度,无法判断训练刺激的大小。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1414The Role of Volume and Intensity in Resistance Trainingjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
美国运动医学会(ACSM)立场声明建议,以增肌为目标时每个肌群可安排多组训练(常见为2–4组),而以维持或初学者适应为目标时较低组数即可;该建议明确将组数与强度(如60%–80% 1RM)和频率(每周2–3次)并列给出,说明组数处方需与强度和频率协同设定。1515American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercisejournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
频率对组数的约束体现在周总组数的分配上:同样的周总组数,可以集中在少数训练日完成,也可以分散到更多训练日;研究提示在周总容量相同时,分散安排(更高频率、每次较少组数)与集中安排在肌肥大效果上差异不大,但高频率有助于降低单次训练的疲劳累积。1616Training Frequency for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysislink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1717Effect of Training Frequency on Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
剂量–反应综述指出,每个肌群每周的组数与肌肥大之间存在正相关,但增益随组数增加而递减,且超过一定组数后恢复与损伤风险上升;这一关系说明组数的“最优值”依赖于强度与频率所设定的恢复背景,不能脱离后两者单独确定。1818Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1919The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysislink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
力量训练中,组数与强度的交互表现为:高强度(≥85% 1RM)低组数方案即可有效发展最大力量,而低强度高组数方案更多用于肌肥大或肌耐力;因此组数的选择需与目标强度和重复次数区间匹配。1515American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: guidance for prescribing exercisejournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|2020Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysisjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
关于“高频率是否允许更高周总组数而不影响恢复”存在不同观点:部分研究认为提高频率可在不增加单次疲劳的前提下提升周总组数,另一些分析则指出在周总组数匹配时频率本身并无独立增益,争议焦点在于组数与频率的交互是否被总容量混淆。1616Training Frequency for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysislink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1717Effect of Training Frequency on Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
与组间休息的交互
组间休息时长会改变单组训练的有效刺激量:休息不足时,后续组的重复次数与总容量会因外周疲劳累积而下降,因此同样的组数在短休息与长休息下并不等价。2121Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysislink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|2222The Effect of Rest Interval Length on Repeated Bench Press Performancejournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在抗阻训练中,较短的组间休息(如1分钟)比较长的休息(如3分钟)会导致后续组的重复次数显著减少,从而降低总训练容量;这一效应在多关节动作中尤为明显。2121Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysislink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1818Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组间休息时长与组数之间存在剂量-反应关系:当组数较多时,若休息时间不足,总容量和动作质量会随组数增加而加速衰减;因此高组数方案通常需要相应延长休息时间以维持输出。2222The Effect of Rest Interval Length on Repeated Bench Press Performancejournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|2323Effect of Rest Interval Length on Repeated Sprint Ability and Muscle Performancejournals.humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对于以增肌为目标的训练,较长休息(如2-3分钟)允许在后续组中维持较高的机械张力与容量,从而可能优于短休息;但短休息在时间效率与代谢压力方面具有优势,两者并非绝对优劣。1818Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|2424The Effects of Rest Interval Length on Muscle Hypertrophy and Strengthjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在力量训练中,组间休息不足会损害后续组的发力能力,尤其当组数较多时;为了维持力量输出,通常建议在力量导向的组数安排中采用较长的休息(如3-5分钟)。2323Effect of Rest Interval Length on Repeated Sprint Ability and Muscle Performancejournals.humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|2525Rest Interval between Sets in Strength Traininglink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组数的计量与记录
有效组与热身组
在训练学文献中,热身组通常被定义为正式训练组之前、以较低负荷或较低努力程度完成、主要目的为提升体温、激活神经肌肉与熟悉动作模式的组;它们不计入用于分析训练量或剂量效应的正式组数。2626Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescriptionjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
有效组(effective set / working set)一般指以足够的努力程度完成、能够对目标肌群产生实质性训练刺激的正式训练组;在多数训练量统计口径中,只有正式组被计入每周组数,热身组被排除在外。2626Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescriptionjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1818Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
把热身组与正式组混在一起计数,会系统性高估训练量,从而在比较不同研究或不同训练计划时产生偏差;因此记录组数时应明确区分热身组与正式组,并注明判定标准。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1818Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
关于“有效组”的判定门槛,文献中并不存在统一的操作化定义:有的以是否接近力竭(如保留次数 RIR 或接近最大努力程度)为标准,有的以负荷是否达到某一百分比 1RM 为标准,还有的仅以是否属于“正式训练组”为标准。这种定义差异使得不同来源报告的组数不能直接相加或比较。2626Fundamentals of Resistance Training: Progression and Exercise Prescriptionjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1818Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|2727How Much Volume Do You Need? A Review of the Dose-Response Relationship Between Resistance Training Volume and Muscle Hypertrophylink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在记录实践中,常见做法是逐组记录动作、负荷、次数与自感用力程度(RPE)或保留次数(RIR),并单独标注热身组;这样既能保留热身组信息用于复现训练情境,又能把正式组单独汇总为周组数。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|2828NSCA's Essentials of Personal Training, 3rd Editionnsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
总组数与动作组数
在训练量计量中,总组数指一次训练课或一个训练周期内所有动作完成的正式组(不含热身组)之和,是衡量整体训练量的最粗略指标。2929Training Volume: Total Sets vs. Exercise Setsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
动作组数指单个动作(如深蹲、卧推)完成的正式组数,用于刻画某一动作或肌群的局部训练量,与总组数构成层级关系。2929Training Volume: Total Sets vs. Exercise Setsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
训练日志中的记录方式
训练日志中记录组数时,通行的最小字段集包括:动作名称、该动作的组数、每组次数、使用的重量(或负荷)、组间休息时间;缺少其中任何一项,后续都难以还原当次训练的实际负荷。3232Strength Training Logs: What to Track and Whynsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|3333How to Keep a Training Logacefitness.org前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在记录抗阻训练组数时,通常只把“正式组”(工作组)计入组数,热身组单独标注、不计入有效组数;这一区分直接影响后续对训练容量的统计口径。3232Strength Training Logs: What to Track and Whynsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|3434The Importance of Tracking Volume in Resistance Trainingjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
训练日志中记录组数时,应同时记录该组是否达到力竭或接近力竭(如 RIR、RPE 等主观用力程度指标),因为同样的组数在是否力竭上差异很大,仅记组数无法反映真实刺激。3333How to Keep a Training Logacefitness.org前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|3535RPE and RIR: Tools for Autoregulation in Strength Trainingjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对于多关节复合动作与单关节孤立动作,训练日志应分别记录组数,不宜合并成一个总数;不同动作的组数在训练容量统计中通常按动作分别累计。3232Strength Training Logs: What to Track and Whynsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|3434The Importance of Tracking Volume in Resistance Trainingjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
训练日志记录组数时,建议以“周”为单位汇总每个肌群或每个动作的组数,因为训练容量与训练效果的剂量关系通常按每周组数来表述和比较。3434The Importance of Tracking Volume in Resistance Trainingjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|3030Methodological Considerations in Exercise Training Volume Researchlink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组数与训练效果
肌肉肥大
在训练量的构成要素中,组数是除训练负荷与重复次数之外对肌肉肥大效果影响最大的变量;衡量训练量常用「组数×次数×负荷」的周总量来表述,而组数本身是其中最便于直接调整、也最常被单独处方的维度。3636理想训练量 解锁肌肉生长的秘密-健与美2023年10期-手机知网wap.cnki.net前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
肌肉肥大存在剂量—反应关系:在一定的周组数区间内,增加每个肌群的周训练组数通常带来更多的肌肉增长,但这一关系并非线性无限延伸,超过某一阈值后增益趋于平缓,并可能因恢复不足而转为负面。3636理想训练量 解锁肌肉生长的秘密-健与美2023年10期-手机知网wap.cnki.net前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
最大力量
在动力性抗阻训练中,练习组数是决定训练负荷量(训练容量)的关键构成因素之一;讨论组数与最大力量的关系,本质上是在讨论负荷量剂量与力量适应之间的关系。3737阜阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)fysz.cbpt.cnki.net前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在负荷强度(以 RM 表示)相当的条件下,多组训练方案是否比低组数方案带来更大幅度的最大力量增长,研究报道之间并不一致;综述性文献明确指出这一对应关系「目前的研究观点存在分歧」,增长幅度上的争议确实存在。3737阜阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)fysz.cbpt.cnki.net前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
肌肉耐力
在抗阻训练中,组数与次数是课程设计的基本组成,不同的组数—次数方案会产生不同的适应;追求肌耐力目标时,通常采用低强度、非常高的反复次数(约每组15~20次)的方案。3838增加肌肉量?爆發力?肌耐力? 組數次數怎設計tw.sports.yahoo.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
高次数、低强度的组数—次数安排之所以能训练肌耐力,是因为它对应的是需要在较长时间内产生相对较低力量、同时抵抗极度疲劳的运动需求,因此对这类运动员是有效工具。3838增加肌肉量?爆發力?肌耐力? 組數次數怎設計tw.sports.yahoo.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对初学者而言,即使目标是提高肌耐力,直接套用高次数—低强度的组数方案也言之过早且效率不佳;肌耐力与爆发力、肌肉量一样,都需要以基础肌力为前提,缺乏全身肌力基础会使运动员无法产生训练肌耐力所需的最佳压力。3838增加肌肉量?爆發力?肌耐力? 組數次數怎設計tw.sports.yahoo.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组数处方的一般建议
初学者
对初学者而言,抗阻训练处方的一般建议是每个动作从1–3组开始,而不是直接采用中高级训练者的多组方案;这一范围在体能训练指南与运动医学立场声明中被反复给出,目的是在建立动作模式的同时控制疲劳与技术变形。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4040Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (4th Edition)nsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
美国运动医学会(ACSM)在立场声明中提出,初学者进行抗阻训练时每个动作做1–3组即可产生明显的力量增长;随着训练水平提高,再逐步增加组数。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
美国国家体能协会(NSCA)的《体能训练概论》将初学者的抗阻训练处方列为每个动作1–3组、每组8–12次,并强调先掌握动作技术再增加训练量。4040Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (4th Edition)nsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对无训练经验者,单组训练与多组训练在训练初期都能带来力量增长,但多组在长期可能略占优势;因此初学者阶段以较低组数起步、随适应逐步增加,是兼顾效果与依从性的常见做法。4141Single versus multiple sets in long-term resistance training: a meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
初学者组数处方的核心变量不只是组数本身,还包括每周训练频率与动作数量;在总训练量相近时,把同样的组数分散到每周2–3次训练,通常比集中一次完成更利于技术学习与恢复。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4040Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning (4th Edition)nsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
中级与进阶训练者
对中级与进阶训练者,抗阻训练指南普遍建议每个动作安排多组而非单组:美国运动医学会(ACSM)立场声明指出,对多数希望提高肌肉适能的成年人,每个动作做 2–4 组、每组 8–12 次是适宜负荷,且多组方案在力量与肌肉增长上优于单组方案。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
随着训练水平提高,组数处方应随训练年限与目标上调:ACSM 的进阶模型建议,初学者可从每个动作 1–2 组起步,中级训练者过渡到每个动作 2–4 组,而进阶训练者针对特定肌群可采用更高的组数(如每个动作 3–6 组或每个肌群更多总组数),以持续制造超负荷。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4242American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercisejournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在训练量—剂量关系上,Schoenfeld 等的系统综述与荟萃分析显示,每个肌群每周约 10 组以上时肌肉肥大效果优于更低组数,且在一定范围内组数越多收益越大;对中级与进阶训练者,这意味着每周每肌群总组数通常应高于初学者水平。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对进阶训练者,单纯增加组数存在收益递减与恢复成本上升的问题:研究提示组数增加到很高水平后,肥大收益趋于平缓,而疲劳与训练时间显著增加,因此组数处方需与恢复能力、训练频率和动作选择统筹安排,而非无限加组。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4444Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
力量项目与健美项目的组数处方侧重不同:以最大力量为目标的进阶训练者常采用每个动作 3–6 组、每组 1–6 次的高强度低次数方案,而以肌肥大为目标的训练者更常用每个动作 3–4 组、每组 6–12 次的中等次数方案,两者在总组数安排上均强调针对主要动作给予足够组数。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4242American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory, Musculoskeletal, and Neuromotor Fitness in Apparently Healthy Adults: Guidance for Prescribing Exercisejournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
不同目标的组数范围
美国运动医学会(ACSM)在立场声明中给出的抗阻训练组数建议按训练目标分层:以增肌和最大力量为目标时,每个动作做多组(通常2–6组)优于单组;以改善健康、体适能为目标时,单组即可产生大部分收益,多组可带来额外但递减的增益。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
针对健康成年人的抗阻训练,ACSM建议每个动作做2–4组,每个肌群每周累计8–10个多关节动作组,可作为一般健康人群的起始范围。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
以肌肉肥大为目标的训练中,每个肌群每周10–20个有效组是多数综述给出的常用范围;低于每周约10组时剂量-反应关系较陡,超过约20组后增益趋于平缓,但个体差异较大。1919The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysislink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1818Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
以最大力量为目标的训练中,每个动作做3–5组、每组1–6次、强度在80%–100% 1RM附近是常见处方;多组方案在力量增长上通常优于单组方案。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4545Single vs. multiple sets of resistance exercise for strength and hypertrophy: a meta-analysisjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
以肌肉耐力为目标的训练中,常采用每个动作2–3组、每组12–20次以上、组间休息较短的安排;组数本身不是主要变量,总重复次数与短休息更为关键。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对老年人或体弱人群,ACSM建议从每个动作1–2组开始,逐步增加至2–3组,优先保证动作质量与恢复,而非追求高组数。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在运动员与进阶训练者中,每个肌群每周的组数常被安排在15–25组甚至更高,但高组数带来的额外收益与恢复成本之间的权衡仍缺乏统一结论。1919The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysislink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|1818Dose-response relationship between weekly resistance training volume and increases in muscle mass: A systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
组数与训练容量的剂量效应
容量-反应关系
抗阻训练中,训练容量通常以「组数 × 次数 × 负荷」的乘积来量化,因此组数是容量剂量的一阶决定因素:在次数与负荷固定时,容量随组数线性增加。11American College of Sports Medicine position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adultsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
剂量-反应荟萃分析显示,每周每肌群约 10 组左右是多数人获得肌肥大收益的起点区间,超过约 20 组后收益增速明显放缓,呈现典型的平台化曲线而非持续线性上升。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4646How much volume is enough? A systematic review and meta-analysis of resistance training volume for muscle hypertrophypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对肌肥大的剂量-反应关系,系统综述与荟萃回归普遍报告「组数越多、肥大效应越大」的正向趋势,但曲线在高组数区间趋于平缓,且不同研究对拐点位置的估计并不一致。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4747Resistance Training Volume and Hypertrophy: A Meta-Analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在最大力量表现上,组数增加的边际收益通常小于肌肥大:多组训练优于单组,但超过一定组数后力量增益不再显著提升,部分研究甚至观察到高容量组的干扰效应。4848Single vs. multiple sets of resistance exercise for strength and hypertrophy: a meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
剂量-反应曲线受训练状态调节:未经训练者在较低组数下即可获得接近最大的反应,而训练有素者往往需要更高组数才能继续产生增益,因此同一组数处方对不同人群的「剂量」并不等价。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4949Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
高组数带来的额外容量并非没有代价:单次训练组数过多会延长训练时间、增加疲劳累积,并可能挤占恢复与后续训练质量,因此容量-反应的上限部分由恢复能力而非刺激本身决定。4646How much volume is enough? A systematic review and meta-analysis of resistance training volume for muscle hypertrophypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5050The effects of resistance training volume on muscle hypertrophy and strength: a systematic reviewpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
关于「每组接近力竭」是否改变组数的有效剂量,存在不同侧重:有分析认为低负荷高次数在接近力竭时能与高负荷产生相近的肥大反应,从而改变「有效组数」的折算方式;也有研究强调负荷区间对力量与肥大的贡献并不对称。4444Strength and Hypertrophy Adaptations Between Low- vs. High-Load Resistance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5151Effects of low- vs. high-load resistance training on muscle strength and hypertrophy: a meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
现有剂量-反应证据多来自短期(数周至数月)研究,且组数常与训练频率、动作选择等变量混杂,因此「每周最佳组数」的具体数值仍属估计区间而非确定阈值。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4747Resistance Training Volume and Hypertrophy: A Meta-Analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
边际收益与过度训练风险
抗阻训练中,组数与训练容量(通常定义为组数×次数×负荷)呈线性关系,因此增加组数是提升训练容量最直接的变量;但容量-效果曲线并非直线,随着周组数增加,力量与肌肥大收益的边际增量逐步递减。5252The effects of resistance training volume on muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5353Dose-response of resistance training volume for strength and hypertrophy: a systematic reviewpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
系统综述与荟萃分析显示,每周每肌群约10组左右即可获得大部分肌肥大收益;将周组数从约10组提升到20组以上,肌肥大效应量的额外增幅明显变小,呈现剂量递减。5252The effects of resistance training volume on muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5454Resistance training volume and hypertrophy: current evidence and practical recommendationsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在力量表现上,剂量效应曲线通常比肌肥大更早进入平台:多数研究显示每周每肌群超过约5–10组后,最大力量(如1RM)的额外提升幅度有限,更多组数主要增加的是训练容量与疲劳积累,而非成比例的力量增长。5353Dose-response of resistance training volume for strength and hypertrophy: a systematic reviewpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5555Effects of resistance training frequency and volume on maximal strength: a meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
当周组数显著超过个体可恢复阈值(常见于每肌群每周20–30组以上,且伴随高强度、短间歇)时,过度训练风险上升,表现为持续疲劳、力量停滞或下降、睡眠与情绪紊乱、静息心率升高等;这些症状缺乏单一特异性指标,需结合多指标综合判断。5656Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicinepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5757Overtraining syndrome: a practical guidepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
训练年限与恢复能力调节剂量效应:训练水平较高者通常能耐受并受益于更高周组数,而新手在较低组数下即可获得接近最大化的适应;因此“最优组数”是个体化的,不能脱离训练状态、营养、睡眠与恢复条件单独设定。5252The effects of resistance training volume on muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5858How much volume is enough? A practical guide to training volumejournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
关于高组数是否带来额外肌肥大收益,学界存在公开争论:一方认为周组数超过约20组后收益趋于平台甚至不再增加;另一方则报告在严格控制条件下,更高组数(如30组以上)仍可产生额外肌肥大,但效应量较小且个体差异大。5252The effects of resistance training volume on muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5454Resistance training volume and hypertrophy: current evidence and practical recommendationsjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对立说法部分研究提示,在训练量逐步递增且恢复充分的前提下,周组数超过20组仍可观察到额外的肌肉横截面积增长,剂量-反应关系在更高容量区间并未完全平坦。63
过度训练综合征(overtraining syndrome)与功能性过度伸展(functional overreaching)需区分:短期超量训练后的表现下降通常在数天至数周内恢复并伴随超量恢复,而真正的过度训练综合征恢复期更长(数周至数月),且与组数、强度、生活应激的累积负荷相关。5656Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicinepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|5757Overtraining syndrome: a practical guidepubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
常见误区与争议
「越多越好」的误解
「组数越多越好」是一种常见误解:训练组数与力量、肌肥大效果之间并非线性递增关系,超过一定阈值的额外组数带来的边际收益递减,且可能因疲劳累积而降低动作质量与恢复能力。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|6060Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J. Resistance Training Volume and Hypertrophy: A Reviewjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
系统综述与荟萃分析显示,每个肌群每周约 10–20 组的训练量对多数训练者足以接近最大化肌肥大反应;超过约 20 组后,额外收益趋于平缓甚至不再增加。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|6161Baz-Valle E, Fontes-Villalba M, Santos-Concejero J. Total Number of Sets as a Training Volume Quantification Method for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Reviewpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在单次训练课内,随着组数增加,后半程组次的重复次数与输出功率往往下降,动作技术也可能劣化;因此「堆组数」并不等同于「有效容量」的等比例增加。6060Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J. Resistance Training Volume and Hypertrophy: A Reviewjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|6262Sánchez-Medina L, González-Badillo JJ. Velocity Loss as an Indicator of Neuromuscular Fatigue during Resistance Trainingpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
高组数方案(如每个肌群每周 25–30 组以上)在部分研究中仍可带来额外肌肥大,但效应量较小,且对恢复、营养与睡眠的要求更高,不适合作为初学者的默认起点。6161Baz-Valle E, Fontes-Villalba M, Santos-Concejero J. Total Number of Sets as a Training Volume Quantification Method for Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Reviewpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4747Resistance Training Volume and Hypertrophy: A Meta-Analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
「越多越好」的误解常源于把训练容量(组数×次数×负荷)的单一维度放大,而忽视强度、频率、动作选择与恢复等变量的协同作用。6060Schoenfeld BJ, Grgic J. Resistance Training Volume and Hypertrophy: A Reviewjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|6363American College of Sports Medicine. Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adultspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
对初学者而言,过高的起始组数会增加延迟性肌肉酸痛与疲劳,影响后续训练依从性;一般建议从每个肌群每周 8–12 组起步,再根据恢复与进步情况逐步增加。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|6363American College of Sports Medicine. Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adultspubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
高组数与恢复的平衡
在抗阻训练中,训练量(组数×次数×负荷)与恢复需求之间存在剂量-反应关系:组数越多,肌肉损伤、糖原耗竭与中枢疲劳的累积越大,所需的恢复时间通常越长。因此高组数方案必须与恢复管理(睡眠、营养、减载周)配套,否则可能陷入“练得越多、进步越慢”的过度训练状态。6464The dose-response relationship between resistance training volume and muscle hypertrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysistandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|6565Recovery strategies in resistance training: a narrative reviewlink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
关于“高组数是否必然需要更长恢复”,运动科学界存在公开争论。一方认为,只要单次训练的总量控制在可恢复范围内,且训练者已适应,高组数(如每肌群每周20组以上)并不必然导致恢复不足,关键在于渐进超负荷与个体耐受度;另一方则强调,超过一定阈值的组数会显著延长恢复时间,并增加过度训练风险,尤其对训练年限较短者。6666High-volume resistance training: a review of the literature on volume thresholds and recoveryjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|6767Markers of muscle damage and recovery following high-volume resistance exercise: a systematic reviewlink.springer.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
恢复的个体差异极大,受年龄、训练年限、营养状况、睡眠质量与遗传因素影响。因此,不存在适用于所有人的“高组数恢复时间表”;实践中常通过主观疲劳量表、晨脉、握力或跳跃表现等指标进行个体化监控,并据此调整组数安排。6868Monitoring training load and recovery in strength sports: practical recommendationsjournals.humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
高组数训练若安排不当,可能引发非功能性过度训练(non-functional overreaching),表现为持续数周的力量下降、情绪紊乱与睡眠障碍;而功能性过度训练(functional overreaching)则可在数天至两周内恢复并带来超量补偿。两者的分界取决于组数负荷与恢复措施的匹配程度。6969Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of the overtraining syndrome: joint consensus statement of the European College of Sport Science and the American College of Sports Medicinetandfonline.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在训练计划中的实际应用
线性周期中的组数变化
在线性周期(linear periodization)中,组数通常随训练阶段推进而递增:从解剖适应或基础力量阶段每个动作的较低组数(如 2–3 组),逐步过渡到增肌或最大力量阶段的较高组数(如 4–6 组),并在赛前或峰值阶段回落。这一「低—高—低」的组数安排是线性周期在容量维度上的典型特征。7171Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Trainingus.humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|7272The Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 4th Editionnsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
线性周期中组数的变化通常与强度呈反向关系:当训练强度(%1RM)随阶段升高时,每个动作的组数往往减少;当强度较低时,组数可以安排得更多。这种组数与强度的反向搭配是线性周期设计的基本原则之一。7171Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Trainingus.humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|7373Science and Practice of Strength Training, 3rd Editionus.humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
在经典线性周期模型中,增肌阶段(hypertrophy phase)通常采用中等强度(约 60–75% 1RM)、较高组数(每个动作 3–6 组)和高次数(8–12 次)的组合,以积累训练容量;随后进入基础力量阶段,组数可能维持或略降,但强度上升、次数下降。7171Periodization: Theory and Methodology of Trainingus.humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|7272The Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning, 4th Editionnsca.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
线性周期中组数的周间递增(例如每周增加 1 组,持续 3–4 周后减载)是一种常见的渐进超负荷手段,但组数不能无限递增;通常每 3–4 周安排一个减载周(deload),将组数降至起始水平或更低,以管理疲劳。7373Science and Practice of Strength Training, 3rd Editionus.humankinetics.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
分化训练中的组数分配
在分化训练中,组数分配的核心问题是把每周的总组数拆分到各个训练日与各肌群上;常见的做法是先确定每周每肌群的目标组数,再按分化方式(如全身、上下肢、推拉腿、部位分化)分摊到相应训练日,使单次训练量与恢复间隔相匹配。7474Schoenfeld, B. J., et al. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequencypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
全身分化通常每周训练2至3次,每次覆盖主要肌群,因而单次训练中每个肌群只能安排较少的组数(常见为每个肌群1至3组),依靠较高的训练频率累积每周总组数;这种安排适合初学者或每周可训练天数较少的人。7474Schoenfeld, B. J., et al. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequencypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
上下肢分化把训练日分为上肢日与下肢日,通常每周4次(2个上肢日、2个下肢日),每个肌群每周被训练2次,单次每个肌群的组数介于全身分化与部位分化之间,是兼顾频率与单次训练量的折中方案。7474Schoenfeld, B. J., et al. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequencypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
推拉腿分化按动作模式把训练日分为推(胸、肩、肱三头肌)、拉(背、肱二头肌)和腿(股四头肌、腘绳肌、臀、小腿),通常每周循环1至2轮,即每个肌群每周训练1至2次;每周2轮时每个肌群每周可累积较多组数,但单次训练课的总组数也相应偏高。7474Schoenfeld, B. J., et al. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequencypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
部位分化(每次训练只练一两个肌群,如胸日、背日、腿日)把每周总组数集中在少数几次训练中,单个肌群单次可安排较多组数,但同一肌群的训练频率通常降至每周1次;在每周总组数相同的前提下,这种安排与更高频率安排在肌肥大效果上的差异在文献中并不一致。7575Ralston, G. W., et al. The Effect of Weekly Set Volume on Strength Gain: A Meta-Analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|7676Baz-Valle, E., et al. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Muscle Hypertrophypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
无论采用哪种分化,单次训练中同一肌群的组数不宜无限堆高;实践中常把单个肌群单次训练的组数控制在约10组以内,把超出部分分配到同一周的另一次训练中,以减少单次训练的疲劳累积并维持动作质量。4343How many sets per week can maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysispubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|7777Schoenfeld, B. J., & Grgic, J. Evidence-Based Guidelines for Resistance Training Volume to Maximize Muscle Hypertrophyjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
分化方式的选择应服从每周总组数与恢复能力,而不是反过来:当每周每肌群的目标组数较低时,全身或上下肢分化即可容纳;当目标组数较高(如每肌群每周15至20组以上)时,才更有必要采用推拉腿或部位分化把组数分散到更多训练日。7474Schoenfeld, B. J., et al. How many times per week should a muscle be trained to maximize muscle hypertrophy? A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies examining the effects of resistance training frequencypubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开|7777Schoenfeld, B. J., & Grgic, J. Evidence-Based Guidelines for Resistance Training Volume to Maximize Muscle Hypertrophyjournals.lww.com前往参考资料 ↓在新标签页中打开
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